Objective To explore the change and clinical significance of NSE and S-100β in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in the children with central nervous system infection.Methods the levels of NSE and S-100β in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in the children with central nervous system infection and 20 controls were tested.The corelation analysis of the levels of NSE and S-100β in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system infection group were performed.Results The levels of NSE and S-100β in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system infection groups were siganificantly higher than those in control group(P0.01 or P0.05).The levels of NSE and S-100β in serum were positively correlated with those of cerebrospinal fluid.Conclusion the levels of NSE and S-100β in serum and cerebrospinal fluid may serve as clinical indexes of evaluating the brain tissue damage by the central nervous system infection.