Hypoxia-mediated sorafenib resistance can be overcome by EF24 through Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-dependent HIF-1α inhibition in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hypoxia induced by sustained sorafenib treatment confers sorafenib resistance to HCC through HIF-1α and NF-κB activation. EF24 overcomes sorafenib resistance through VHL-dependent HIF-1α degradation and NF-κB inactivation. EF24 in combination with sorafenib represents a promising strategy for HCC.