Photocatalytic reforming of biomass for hydrogen production: A comprehensive overview

In the context of increasing global energy demand, there is an urgent need to find alternative sustainable and renewable resources to mitigate the impact of climate change and avoid an energy crisis. The annual regeneration rate of global biomass is approximately 100 billion tons, and currently, hydrogen energy is considered an ideal clean energy for achieving carbon neutrality goals. Therefore, by utilizing the abundant biomass waste and abundant solar energy produced globally, it is possible to develop a bioeconomic combination of hydrogen energy with high combustion value and no pollution, effectively alleviating the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues in the world today. This review describes the thermodynamic mechanism of hydrogen production by photocatalytic reforming of biomass and analyzes the current photocatalytic reforming of H2 technology for different lignocellulosic biomass. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of photocatalytic biomass reforming for H2 technology are discussed.