Research on Microgrid Bilevel Optimization Scheduling Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy and Carbon Emissions in the New Power System

The power system has accelerated its transformation recently, and renewable energy development has gained significant momentum. However, due to the randomness of wind and solar power output and the lack of regulatory capacity of the power system, the issue of wind and solar curtailment has become increasingly severe. This paper focuses on the bilevel economic dispatch of micro grids, considering the uncertainty of renewable energy and carbon emissions. The upper-level optimization model emphasizes the management of the demand side, regulating the load curve through peak shaving and valley filling strategies as well as optimal pricing. The lower-level optimization model focuses on the management of the generation side, aiming to minimize overall operating costs by optimally allocating the output of each generation unit. This study solves the bilevel model using CPLEX software and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. Case analysis demonstrates that the model reduces system carbon emissions, promotes wind and solar energy utilization, and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the economic operation of microgrids.