Sustainable mineralization of bisphenol A via iron-oxide-fortified manganese catalysts: Integrating radical and nonradical pathways for advanced wastewater treatment

. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that radical-mediated processes elevated the oxidation state of Mn ions, while Fe ions remained unchanged. The study highlights the importance of integrating radical and nonradical pathways to achieve efficient and sustainable degradation of persistent pollutants, offering insights for the rational design of advanced oxidation systems with enhanced structural integrity and catalytic efficiency.