神经影像学
注意缺陷多动障碍
神经心理学
混淆
注意力缺陷
医学
认知
生物标志物
临床心理学
心理学
神经科学
精神科
生物
病理
生物化学
作者
Valeria Parlatini,Alessio Bellato,Alessandra Gabellone,Lucia Margari,Lucia Marzulli,Emilia Matera,Maria Giuseppina Petruzzelli,Marco Solmi,Christoph U. Correll,Samuele Cortese
标识
DOI:10.1080/14737159.2024.2333277
摘要
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions and is highly heterogeneous in terms of symptom profile, associated cognitive deficits, comorbidities, and outcomes. Heterogeneity may also affect the ability to recognize and diagnose this condition. The diagnosis of ADHD is primarily clinical but there are increasing research efforts aiming at identifying biomarkers that can aid the diagnosis.We first discuss the definition of biomarkers and the necessary research steps from discovery to implementation. We then provide a broad overview of research studies on candidate diagnostic biomarkers in ADHD encompassing genetic/epigenetic, biochemical, neuroimaging, neurophysiological and neuropsychological techniques. Finally, we critically appraise current limitations in the field and suggest possible ways forward.Despite the large number of studies and variety of techniques used, no promising biomarkers have been identified so far. Clinical and biological heterogeneity as well as methodological limitations, including small sample size, lack of standardization, confounding factors, and poor replicability, have hampered progress in the field. Going forward, increased international collaborative efforts are warranted to support larger and more robustly designed studies, develop multimodal datasets to combine biomarkers and improve diagnostic accuracy, and ensure reproducibility and meaningful clinical translation.
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