Transcranial direct current stimulation alters cerebrospinal fluid-interstitial fluid exchange in mouse brain

Our findings suggest that tDCS augments the glymphatic system's influx and efflux. Through astrocytic IP₃/Ca²⁺ signaling, tDCS was found to modify the delta wave, which correlates positively with brain clearance. This study underscores the potential of tDCS in modulating brain metabolic waste clearance.