Subgrid cage confinement engineering enabled ultra-efficient near-infrared Cr 3+ –Ln 3+ co-doped phosphors

This work introduces a subgrid cage confinement strategy within GdAl 1.5 Ga 1.5 (BO 3 ) 4 to precisely control energy transfer, achieving outstanding PLQY and superior thermal stability, show great potential in bioimaging and non-destructive testing.