Directly Growing Graphdiyne Nanoarray Cathode to Integrate an Intelligent Solid Mg-Moisture Battery

A continuous humidity and solar-light dual responsive intelligent solid Mg-moisture battery (SMB) with a graphdiyne nanosheets array was fabricated. The integrated battery works based on a new concept of chemical bond conversion on the surface of the graphdiyne nanosheets array that is grown in situ on a 3D melamine sponge (GDY/MS). The unique structure, excellent catalytic, and semiconductor performance of GDY endows the GDY/MS with some outstanding characteristics on trapping and transferring water molecules, catalyzing HER, and utilizing solar energy, making the GDY/MS a new generation cathode for a high-performance intelligent SMB. The performance of the GDY/MS-based smart SMB (GSMB) can be continuously tuned by humidity and solar-light. The GSMB shows a significant positive correlation between open circuit potential (OCP) and humidity, while the natural band gap of GDY makes it further act as a photoelectrode to capture light and generate photoelectrons. The GSMB can be applied as a self-power humidity monitor with an ultrafast response time of <0.24 s, a recovery time of <0.16 s, and a sensitive (36,600%) respiratory sensing performance. This simple and efficient battery-made strategy represents the future development direction of self-power supply equipment, intelligent electronic devices, and intelligent battery integration.