The role of offshore wind and solar PV resources in global low-carbon transition

reduction contributions. With a conservative assumption of using 1% of suitable areas, offshore wind and solar PV could generate ~6049 and 14,173 terawatt-hours of electricity annually. This would cover nearly 30% of the expected global electricity demand in 2050. The resulting reductions in carbon dioxide emissions could exceed 9 billion tonnes annually. These findings highlight the critical role offshore renewable energy can play in achieving a low-carbon future.