Multifunctional magnetocaloric bone cement with a time-varying alkaline microenvironment for sequential bacterial inhibition, angiogenesis and osteogenesis

Magnetocaloric Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were modified using gelatin and then added to magnesium calcium phosphate bone cement (MCPC) to fabricate multifunctional magnetic composites for sequential bacterial inhibition, angiogenesis, and osteogenesis.