First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Fruit Rot on Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 106, No. 8First Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Fruit Rot on Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fusarium oxysporum Causing Fruit Rot on Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in ChinaF. Wu, S. C. Li, Q. L. Ma, Y. B. Wang, W. W. Peng, M. Chen, J. Y. Chen, and M. L. XiangF. WuCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China, S. C. LiCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China, Q. L. MaCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China, Y. B. WangCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China, W. W. PengCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China, M. Chenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1409-9278College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China, J. Y. ChenCollege of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaPingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, China, and M. L. Xiang†Corresponding author: M. L. Xiang; E-mail Address: mlxiang@jxau.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-4811College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, ChinaAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations F. Wu1 S. C. Li1 Q. L. Ma1 Y. B. Wang1 W. W. Peng1 M. Chen1 J. Y. Chen1 2 M. L. Xiang1 † 1College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Fruits & Vegetables, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China 2Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, China Published Online:29 Jun 2022https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-21-1967-PDNAboutSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) is one of the most economically important fruit species in China, and it is highly prized for its excellent quality and high nutritional value. In June 2020, fruit rot was observed on 10 to 15% of apricot fruit at the full fruit stage in an orchard in Yiyang County (34.54° N, 112.28° E), Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. Initially, the symptoms appeared as brown lesions. With aggravation of the disease, the lesions enlarged, and white hyphae appeared on the fruit surface, which eventually turned soft and rotted brown. To identify the pathogen, the surface of symptomatic fruit was sterilized with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min, followed by 70% ethanol for 30 s, and rinsed three times with sterilized water. Tissues (5 × 5 mm) from the margin of the necrotic lesion were cut and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated for 7 days at 28 ± 1°C for morphological identification. Five pure isolates were obtained from single spores. Initially, the isolates had abundant white aerial mycelia that turned light violet on the third day. Macroconidia were falciform, two to five septate, straight or slightly curved, and 15.27 to 37.18 × 1.97 to 3.99 µm (n = 50). Microconidia predominated and were elliptical or oval, hyaline, zero to one septate, and 5.08 to 14.42 × 1.65 to 4.10 µm (n = 50). Chlamydospores were spherical and intercalary or terminal. According to these morphological characteristics, the fungus was initially identified as Fusarium species (Leslie and Summerell 2006). To confirm the identification, the ITS, cal, RPB2, EF, and ACT genes were amplified and sequenced with the primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), CL1C/CL2C (O'Donnell et al. 2000), fRPB2-5F/fRPB2-7cR (Liu et al. 1999), EF-1Ha/EF-2Tb, and ACT-512F/ACT-783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), respectively. Compared with the sequence in GenBank, it showed 99 to 100% homology to Fusarium oxysporum (GenBank accessions nos. MT560381, LS423442, AB986568, MN417202, and MK001023), and the results of sequences were deposited into GenBank with accession nos. MW812394, MW849863, OK067318, MW792498, and MW849864. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS, EF, and RPB2 sequences using MEGA7.0. (Mao et al. 2021) revealed that the isolates were placed in the F. oxysporum species complex. To confirm pathogenicity, a spore suspension was prepared from the cultures grown on PDA for 7 days at 28 ± 1°C. Twenty healthy P. armeniaca fruit were disinfected with 75% ethanol. Half of the disinfected fruit were wounded using a sterile needle, and the other half remained nonwounded. These wounded and nonwounded fruit were inoculated with spore suspension (1.0 × 106 conidia/ml). Fruit inoculated with sterilized water served as the controls. After 5 days of incubation at 28 ± 1°C and 90% relative humidity (12 h light/dark), all the inoculated fruit developed typical symptoms similar to the original diseased fruit, whereas the control fruit remained healthy. The pathogenicity test was repeated two times, and F. oxysporum was reisolated from the inoculated fruit, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Although the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum has been previously studied in apricot fruit in vivo (Seyed and Raeisi 2018), this is the first report of F. oxysporum causing fruit rot on P. armeniaca in nature. This finding will help develop effective disease management strategies.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Carbone, I., and Kohn, L. M. 1999. Mycologia 91:553. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761358 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLeslie, J. F., and Summerell, B. A. 2006. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell, Ames, IA. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470278376 Crossref, Google ScholarLiu, Y. J., et al. 1999. Mol. Biol. Evol. 16:1799. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026092 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarMao, Y. F., et al. 2021. Plant Dis. 105:3759. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-20-2617-PDN Link, ISI, Google ScholarO'Donnell, K., et al. 2000. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97:7905. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.130193297 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarSeyed, M. B. H., and Raeisi, S. 2018. J. Food Meas. Charact. 12:362. Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Google ScholarFunding: Funding was provided by Jiangxi Province Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Processing Key Technology and Quality and Safety Collaborative Innovation Center (JXGS-03), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20192BAB204018), and Education Department of Jiangxi Province (GJJ160355).The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 106, No. 8 August 2022SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Download Metrics Article History Issue Date: 29 Jul 2022Published: 29 Jun 2022First Look: 27 Jan 2022Accepted: 24 Jan 2022 Page: 2261 Information© 2022 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingJiangxi Province Fruit and Vegetable Postharvest Processing Key Technology and Quality and Safety Collaborative Innovation CenterGrant/Award Number: JXGS-03Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi ProvinceGrant/Award Number: 20192BAB204018Education Department of Jiangxi ProvinceGrant/Award Number: GJJ160355Keywordsfruit rotFusarium oxysporumPrunus armeniacaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download