Under section 23 of the Securities (Insider Dealing) Ordinance, the Insider Dealing Tribunal is given the power to sanction culpable insider dealers by making financial orders. Such financial orders are calculated with reference to 'profit gained' or 'loss avoided' as a result of the insider dealing. In Insider Dealing Tribunal v Shek Mei Ling, the Court of Final Appeal has provided authoritative guidance on how the 'profit gained' or 'loss avoided' is to be calculated.