The effect of different aeration conditions on the ability of activated sludge from aerotank and bioreactor to accumulate phosphorus was studied. For the experiment, samples of activated sludge from the aeration tank and the bioreactor with alternating aeration conditions at Minsk treatment plant were taken. Nutrient media for microbial seeding of activated sludge were selected. To obtain colonies of polyphosphate accumulating bacteria seeding of activated sludge on solid medium was produced. Method for isolating of activated sludge polyphosphate accumulating bacteria was chosen. The conclusion about the ability of activated sludge to accumulate phosphorus and the effect of aeration conditions on the process of phosphorus accumulation by bacteria of activated sludge was made.