A MANUAL ON FUNDAMENTALS OF FORGING PRACTICE

The information presented in the Manual was obtained from the literature, from industrial sources, and from a laboratory-scale experimental program designed to study significant forging characteristics of several typical alloys. This information can be divided into four major categories. (1) Plastic deformation of metals: This information deals with the mechanics of plastic deformation, and the fundamental principles of metal behavior during deformation; (2) Principles of forging: This information concerns the empirical relationships developed for forging processes which serve as practical guides for establishing design limits and shop practices; (3) Forging processes and practices: This information relates to the state of the art of forging, and covers such topics as forging equipment, types of operations, die design, lubrications, specifications for typical forged shapes, etc; and (4) Forging alloys: These data treat the forging of specific alloy systems in terms of the influence of material properties on forging behavior, and the influence of forging procedure on the properties of the forged product. (Author)