After completing this chapter, you should have an understanding of the following: • The difference between moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, exercise, health-related physical fitness, and sports-related fitness. • Physical activity recommendations for health-related fitness from leading health organizations. • The American College and Sports Medicine’s (ACSM’s) exercise recommendations for cardiorespiratory fitness. • The ACSM’s exercise recommendations for muscular fitness. • The ACSM’s exercise recommendations for healthy body composition. • The ACSM’s exercise recommendations for flexibility.