Design of ring and cross shaped graphene metasurface sensor for efficient detection of malaria and 2 bit encoding applications

This paper focuses on the design of a sensor for early stage malaria detection that is highly sensitive and effective. A potentially fatal illness called malaria is brought on by parasites that are spread by mosquito bites. Early detection is essential for effective therapy, but existing diagnostic techniques are frequently trailed by ubiquitous limitations such as time-consuming, expensive, and limited accuracy. By modifying the interactions between light and matter, metasurfaces—artificially structured surfaces made of subwavelength scatterers can improve the sensitivity of graphene-based sensors. In this paper, a graphene metasurface sensor with circular and cross shapes is developed and optimized to attain the highest levels of sensitivity for the detection of malaria. The ultimate objective of this project is to create an inexpensive, and highly effective sensor that can be used for malaria early detection in resource-constrained environments. With a maximum relative sensitivity of 300 GHz/RIU, the sensor exhibits remarkable precision in detecting even minor variations. The FOM values between 0.887 RIU−1 to 1.587 RIU−1 further highlight its exceptional ability to differentiate between various transmittance dips.