Analysis of Potential Factors Influencing Baicalin Content in Scutellaria baicalensis from Different Regions

Objective: This study explored the effects of climatic and soil factors on baicalin accumulation in Scutellaria baicalensis , aiming to compare baicalin content and antibacterial efficacy across regions and optimize cultivation practices. Methods: S. baicalensis samples were collected from three production areas in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, and Hebei. Baicalin and total protein contents were measured, and sample differences were explored. The soil microbial community composition was determined, and climatic and soil factors were analyzed. Results: Baicalin content was the highest in S. baicalensis from Hebei, with no significant difference in the total protein content. The most effective antibacterial effect was achieved with a 100 mg/mL concentration of Hebei S. baicalensis solution. Baicalin content was positively correlated with annual average temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity and negatively correlated with annual average sunshine hours and wind speed. Shanxi's rhizosphere soil contained higher levels of total nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, nitrate, and nitrite compared to the other regions. The S0134 terrestrial group and Longimicrobiaceae were positively associated with baicalin content. Conclusion: S. baicalensis from Hebei exhibited superior quality, influenced by ecological factors. In order to improve the cultivation effect, the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis can be improved by selecting planting areas with suitable acidity and alkalinity, adjusting the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other fertilizers moderately during cultivation, adjusting the appropriate amount of water, and fully utilizing the accumulation of active compounds in medicinal plants by rhizosphere microorganisms.