Single and Multi-Objective Optimization of the Red Pine Mushroom Lactarius deliciosus (Agaricomycetes) Extraction Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence Methods and Biological Activities of Optimized Extracts

In this study, the biological activities of Lactarius deliciosus were determined. Experimental studies were carried out using a soxhlet device, in the range of 40-70°C extraction temperature, 3-9 h extraction time and 0.5-2 mg/ ml extraction conditions. A total of 64 different extracts were obtained using four different values of each variable and the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) values of these extracts were determined. The obtained data were modeled using artificial neural networks (ANN). Both single-objective and multi-objective optimization processes were performed using the best ANN model selected among the established models. Single-objective optimization was performed with genetic algorithm (GA), and multi-objective optimization was performed using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) algorithm. Extracts obtained from the extraction conditions suggested by the optimization algorithms were used for biological activities. As a result of the analyzes, TAS values of the single-objective optimization extract (1st) and multi-objective optimization extract (2nd) prepared under optimum conditions of the mushroom were determined as 7.468 ± 0.055 and 6.128 ± 0.049 mmol/L, TOS values were 13.161 ± 0.168 and 10.056 ± 0.106 μmol/L and OSI values were 0.176 ± 0.003 and 0.164 ± 0.003, respectively. It was found to be effective against bacterial and fungal strains at concentrations of 50-200 μg/mL. In addition, mushroom extracts were found to have strong cytotoxic effects against A549 cancer cell line. Acetylcholinesterase activity of the 1st and 2nd extracts of the mushroom were determined as 24.80 ± 0.82 and 32.71 ± 0.91 μg/mL, butyrylcholinesterase activity was determined as 51.24 ± 0.80 and 57.10 ± 0.51 μg/mL, respectively. In our study, it was determined that L. deliciosus extracts obtained under optimum conditions had strong biological activities.