Additive engineering for improving the stability of tin-based perovskite (FASnI3) solar cells

• Doping strategies of tin-base perovskite solar cells are reviewed. • Modulation of tin-base perovskite solar cells properties by employing dopants is highlighted. • Current challenges and perspectives for future progress are given. During the past few years, Tin (Sn)-based perovskites have been extensively investigated in the field of photovoltaics as promising candidates for new generation lead-free perovskite. Tin-based perovskites (ASnI 3 ) present excellent photoelectric properties. However, there still remains a big concern over unsatisfactory stability. In reality, extensive efforts have been committed to improve the stability of perovskite active layer. In this review, a comprehensive understanding on defect formation, oxidation mechanism of Sn 2+ . Then, a detailed discussion on the recent advance the effect of additive engineering for the stability of FASnI 3 PSCs, including antioxidants, 2D perovskite materials and functional passive molecular. Lastly, several key scientific issues and future research prospectives are proposed for achieving stable and high-performance Sn-based perovskite photovoltaics.