Engineering an optimized expression operating unit for improved recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli

Common strategies to improve recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli often involve the test and optimization of several different variables, when using traditional expression vectors that are commercially available. Now, modern synthetic biology-based strategies allow for extensive modifications of these traditional vectors, or even construction of entirely new modular vectors, so as to permit tunable production of the recombinant proteins of interest. Herein, we describe the engineering of a new expression operating unit (EOU; 938 bp) for producing recombinant proteins in E. coli, through the combinatorial assembly of standardized and well-characterized genetic elements required for transcription and translation (promoter, operator site, RBS, junction RBS-CDS, cloning module, transcriptional terminator). We also constructed a novel T7 promoter variant with increased transcriptional activity (1.7-fold higher), when compared to the canonical wild type T7 promoter sequence. This new EOU yielded an improved production of the reporter protein superfolder GFP (sfGFP) in E. coli BL21(DE3) (relative fluorescence units/RFU = 70.62 ± 1.62 A U.) when compared to a high-producing control expression vector (plasmid BBa_I746909; RFU = 59.68 ± 1.82 A U.). The yields of purified soluble recombinant sfGFP were also higher when using the new EOU (188 mg L−1 culture vs. 108 mg L−1 in the control) and it performed similarly well when inserted into different plasmid backbones (pOPT1.0/AmpR and pOPT2.0/CmR).