A review on advanced nanoengineered biomaterials for chronic wound healing

Diabetes mellitus is a complex chronic metabolic disease that has a negative impact on patient health as well as creates a significant financial strain on healthcare systems worldwide. An unregulated molecular and cellular wound microenvironment and persistent inflammation are characteristics of chronic diabetic ulcers. Films, antimicrobial dressings, hydrogels, foams, and other biomaterials have all found uses in wound treatment. Despite many studies, there is still no “perfect” therapy for chronic wound healing, and complexities have been addressed. In this paper, we discuss the present difficulties associated with the production of biomaterials for the management and treatment of chronic wounds. Which includes a wide range of important biomaterials and their composites that accelerate angiogenesis, inhibit bacterial infection, collagen matrix deposition, and wound closure. This review also highlights other factors like oxygenation, hormones, obesity, medications, smoking, and nutrition. Finally, the future directions of biomaterials for chronic wound healing are discussed.