Composite Nanoplatforms Based on Nanocalcium Peroxide for Cancer Treatment: From Monotherapy to Combination Therapy

Abstract Nano‐CaO 2 , with its multifunctional properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for tumor therapy. Its ability to release Ca 2+ and H 2 O 2 into the tumor microenvironment has positively modulated abnormal calcium signaling and kinetic therapy. Moreover, the indirectly produced O 2 2− by CaO 2 can alleviate hypoxic conditions. On the one hand, the accumulation of Ca 2+ can lead to various tumor cell apoptosis events, such as calcium overload and tumor calcification. On the other hand, the released H 2 O 2 can convert into more toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) via exogenous stimulation and endogenous regulation, thereby making nano‐CaO 2 a versatile tool in modern medicine, exhibiting its invaluable and irreplaceable medical value in tumor therapy. Hence, a comprehensive review of the recent advances in the nano‐CaO 2 platform is imperative. This review provides an overview of the conventional synthesis strategies for nano‐CaO 2 . It elucidates the potential role of the nano‐CaO 2 nanoplatforms in various tumor treatment strategies, including monotherapy and combination therapy, in detail. Given the remarkable outcomes achieved to date and the challenges that of future clinical translation, this work predicts the future research directions. This review will encourage further development of the metal oxide nanomedicine family, epitomized by nano‐CaO 2 .