Thermal effect of femtosecond laser pulses in terms of laser-assisted hatching procedure on mammalian embryos

An assessment of thermal effect of femtosecond laser pulses during microsurgical procedures on embryos is performed. Issues of nonlinear absorption of laser pulses in aqueous medium are of crucial significance, as well as issues of subsequent heat transfer. Temperature evolution in the center of focused laser beam is presented from femtosecond to millisecond time scales.