Intrinsic Properties Enabled Metal Organic Framework Micromotors for Highly Efficient Self-Propulsion and Enhanced Antibacterial Therapy

Miniaturization of synthetic micro/nanomotors (MNMs) brings great application prospects but limits their functionalization ability. Here, we report self-fueled metal organic framework (MOF) micromotors that are endowed with capabilities of self-propulsion and antibacterial therapy by their material's intrinsic properties. The spontaneous degradation of the MOF micromotors in water would release their own constituting components of ions which act as fuels to propel themselves by ionic diffusionphoresis with a high energy conversion efficiency. Meanwhile, the metal cations released from the MOF micromotors can also serve as antibacterial reagents to kill Escherichia coli (E. coli) with motion enhanced efficacy, which could significantly accelerate the wound closure in a bacterially infected wound model in vivo. Our work provides a general guidance for constructing functional MNMs by taking advantage of the motors' own materials to achieve self-propulsion and on-demand task assignments, which would promote future development of highly integrated micro/nanorobotic systems at micro/nanoscale.