In vitro cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and HSA and ct-DNA interaction studies of chlorogenic acid loaded on γ-Fe 2 O 3 @SiO 2 as new nanoparticles

In this study, nanoparticles with both anticancer and antibacterial features were synthesized through loading chlorogenic acid (CGA) of essential oils on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Characterization of γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs was performed using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that show effective coating of the MNPs with SiO₂ and CGA ligand and spherical shape of the nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 16 nm, respectively. The cytotoxicity study demonstrated that γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs had fewer toxic effects on normal cells (Huvec) than on cancerous cells (U-87 MG, A-2780 and A-549), and could be a new potential candidate for use in biological and pharmaceutical applications. The interaction of calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) with γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs indicated that the anticancer activity might be associated with the DNA binding properties of γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs. Moreover, the interaction of γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs with human serum albumin (HSA) suggests that the native conformation of HSA was preserved at the level of secondary structure, indicating that the γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs do not show any cytotoxicity effect when they are injected into the blood. Antibacterial tests were performed and represented γ-Fe₂O₃@SiO₂-CGA MNPs attained better antibacterial function than CGA as free.