Brain–Computer Interface

A brain–computer interface (BCI) provides a method of generating interaction between the human brain and a computational system, that is, a computer. In short, communicating with a computer directly using brain signals, without any muscles, is what concerns the field of BCI. Initially, BCI was developed for communication with patient diagnosis with neuromuscular disorder. Due to the recent development of BCI devices – such as artificial electrodes, wireless headsets, flexible software – it is being used to improve interaction between computational system and the general community. Recording of brain responses is performed by BCI device using different non-invasive and invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, electrocorticography, magnetoencephalography, and electroencephalography. Focusing on the recent developments of BCI, the paper contains a rigorous review of recent BCI systems mentioning its issues and challenges. The review work is performed focusing on five key points: objective of the development, methodology used, dataset used for experiment, BCI setup and software used, and finally the outcome of the development. The comprehensive survey of BCI gives a future direction of research focusing on eliminating the drawbacks and developing advanced BCI technologies.