Continuous-wave optically pumped green perovskite vertical-cavity surface-emitter

We report an optically pumped green perovskite verticalcavity surface-emitter operating in continuous-wave (CW) with a power density threshold of ∼89 kW∕cm 2 .The device has an active region of CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 embedded in a dielectric microcavity; this feat was achieved with a combination of optimal spectral alignment of the optical cavity modes with the perovskite optical gain, an adequate Q-factor of the microcavity, adequate thermal stability, and improved material quality with a smooth, passivated, and annealed thin active layer.Our results signify a way towards efficient CW perovskite emitter operation and electrical injection using low-cost fabrication methods for addressing monolithic optoelectronic integration and lasing in the green gap.