AbstrcatA Sequential Extraction and SMT Method combined with XFC and XRD Analysis were used for the extraction of phosphorus species in the surface sediment of the Shanzi Reservoir. The results showed that the concentration of total phosphorus in the surface sediment were range from 400 μg/g to 700 μg/g . Inorganic phosphorus was higher than organic phosphorus species in the surface sediment and Fe-P was the major phosphorus species of the inorganic phosphorus, which occupied 35%~45% of the total phosphorus. High percentance of Al/Fe-P and O-P in the sediment suggests that most proportion of the phosphorus were activable.