2D Hybrid Functional Materials for Biological Interfaces

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive research interest across interdisciplinary fields and nano-/atomic-scale applications due to their distinctive physicochemical, electrical, and biological properties. The rapid development of 2D materials has spurred the exploration of 2D hybrid functional materials, offering a way to investigate material-biological tissue interfaces, which is of great significance to current biological interface research. This review aims to provide an overview in fabricating 2D hybrid functional materials and their advanced applications at biological tissue and cellular interfaces. First, we highlight recent progress in developing 2D hybrid materials with characteristic functionalities and different morphologies. Next, we review advanced paradigms of these 2D hybrid functional materials applied to flexible/implantable electronics, tissue/bone scaffolds, and cell regulation and stimulation. We also discuss the challenges associated with their application. 2D hybrid functional materials are efficient candidates for use in devices and biological interfaces, which is significant for studying the reaction processes and effects at biological interfaces.