Recent advances in engineered nanomaterials for acute kidney injury theranostics

Acute kidney injury (AKI), has become the focus of increasing attention due to its high risk of death. The early diagnosis and treatment of AKI significantly reduce the risk of renal tissue damage and kidney dysfunction. However, the efficient early diagnosis and treatment approach for AKI remains a challenge. AKI screening via precise nanomaterial theranostics is a new alternative approach. This study summarizes the recent advances in functional nanomaterials in the early detection and treatment of AKI. The challenges and problems in the use of nanomaterials for AKI in clinical applications are also discussed. It is anticipated that highlighting these new advances will lay the foundation for further translational research on the promising application of nanomaterials for AKI.