Powder nanocomposites Cu TiВ2 with 10, 20 and 40 mass % of nanodisperse TiВ2 particles were produced using mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill and subsequent self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Powder nanocomposite compacts were sintered by three technologies: thermal heating, spark-plasma sintering and electron-beam powder metallurgy. Structure and mechanical properties of sintered nanocomposites were studied in compression. The field theory of cellular mesostructure formation in powder nanocomposites activated in the planetary mill was developed.