Complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly in a patient with AGO1‐associated disorder

Pathogenic AGO1 variants have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic facial appearance. In mammalian models, defects in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis are associated with congenital heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy. We describe the case of a patient with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, hypoplastic left lung, bilateral pulmonary sequestration, and dilated myocardiopathy. We identified a de novo pathogenic variant of AGO1, which encodes an Argonaute protein forming a gene-silencing complex with microRNAs. The patient was diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy with no apparent cause at 3 years of age. She was started on enalapril and carvedilol, and her heart failure was well controlled. We expanded the AGO1-associated phenotype to include complex congenital cardiovascular anomaly and dilated cardiomyopathy in humans.