Mdivi-1 alleviates nicotine-induced human periodontal ligament cells injury by inhibiting mitochondrial fission and dysfunction through the JNK/Drp1 pathway

Nicotine activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the inhibition of JNK activity with SP600125 effectively prevents nicotine-induced mitochondrial fission, enhances cell viability, and inhibits Drp1 phosphorylation.