Insight into the Catalytic Oxidation Mechanism of Hydrogen Isotopes by Pt Clusters Confined by Silicalite-1

Highly efficient removal of low concentrations of hydrogen isotope gas in air is crucial for the safe operation of nuclear energy plants. Herein, silicalite-1-confined Pt cluster catalysts were used for the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen isotopes, and the related catalytic mechanism was revealed. Increased temperature in direct hydrogen reduction treatment slightly increased the size of Pt clusters from 1.6 nm at 400 °C to 1.8 nm at 600 °C. The catalyst reduced at 600 °C exhibited excellent performance (99%) in hydrogen isotope oxidation at 75 °C, as well as high stability and catalytic efficiency in continuous and intermittent operation for 7200 min. X-ray absorbance spectroscopy confirmed the existence of Pt clusters in the catalysts, and the theoretical results showed that the total net charge was -0.07 e, indicating a slight charge transfer from the zeolite to the Pt atoms. The metal-support interaction thermally stabilized Pt clusters and altered the metal electronic structure, which enhanced the catalytic activity following a hydroperoxyl (OOH)-mediated route. Based on the low reaction temperature, efficient hydrogen conversion rate, and high stability, the silicalite-1-confined Pt cluster catalyst is expected to be used in hydrogen isotope oxidation treatment to achieve nuclear safety.