Decarbonising cement and concrete production: Strategies, challenges and pathways for sustainable development

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of decarbonising cement and concrete production, addressing strategies, technologies, policy considerations, case studies, economic implications, challenges and future recommendations. The cement and concrete industry are major contributors to carbon emissions and environmental degradation, making decarbonisation crucial for sustainable development. The paper explores various strategies, including alternative clinker technologies, carbon capture and storage, improved energy efficiency, low-carbon cements and circular economy approaches. Additionally, it examines technologies such as supplementary cementitious materials, carbonation, low-carbon concrete mixes, recycling and novel manufacturing processes. The importance of policy interventions, collaboration and standards and certifications is emphasised. Case studies and best practices highlight successful decarbonisation initiatives, while economic implications and market opportunities are considered. The paper also identifies challenges, including technological limitations, financing constraints, resistance to change and the need for awareness and education. Finally, future recommendations focus on pathways for deep decarbonisation, policy measures, research priorities and fostering collaboration. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers and industry professionals striving to achieve sustainable and low-carbon cement and concrete production.