Single-atom nanozymes for antibacterial applications

Bacteria have always been a thorny problem that threatens human health and food safety. Conventional antibiotic treatment often leads to the emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, the development of more effective antibacterial agents is urgently needed. Single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) can efficiently eliminate bacteria due to their high atomic utilization, abundant active centers, and good natural enzyme mimicry, providing a potential alternative choice for antibiotics in antibacterial applications. Here, the antibacterial applications of SAzymes are reviewed and their catalytic properties are discussed from the aspects of active sites, coordination environment regulation and carrier selection. Then, the antibacterial effect of SAzymes is elaborated in combination with photothermal therapy (PTT) and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Finally, the problems faced by SAzymes in antibacterial applications and their future development potential are proposed.