The role of the upper and lower face in the recognition of facial identity in dynamic stimuli

Studies with static faces find that upper face halves are more easily recognized than lower face halves—an upper-face advantage. However, faces are usually encountered as dynamic stimuli, and there is evidence that dynamic information influences face identity recognition. This raises the question of whether dynamic faces also show an upper-face advantage. The objective of this study was to examine whether familiarity for recently learned faces was more accurate for upper or lower face halves, and whether this depended upon whether the face was presented as static or dynamic. In Experiment 1, subjects learned a total of 12 faces--6 static images and 6 dynamic video-clips of actors in silent conversation. In experiment 2, subjects learned 12 faces, all dynamic video-clips. During the testing phase of Experiments 1 (between subjects) and 2 (within subjects), subjects were asked to recognize upper and lower face halves from either static images and/or dynamic clips. The data did not provide evidence for a difference in the upper-face advantage between static and dynamic faces. However, in both experiments, we found an upper-face advantage, consistent with prior literature, for female faces, but not for male faces. In conclusion, the use of dynamic stimuli may have little effect on the presence of an upper-face advantage, especially when the static comparison contains a series of static images, rather than a single static image, and is of sufficient image quality. Future studies could investigate the influence of face gender on the presence of an upper-face advantage.