Towards a new normal? Deconstructing travel behaviour resilience in the urban transport system

Global disturbances are fundamentally reshaping urban transport systems, inducing complex co-evolution between supply and demand. While existing studies primarily focused on infrastructure robustness or temporal fluctuations in travel volume under disturbance conditions, there remains a lack of systematic explanation for the adaptive behavioural changes of individuals and their coupling processes with supply-demand interactions in transport systems. Drawing on transport supply-demand equilibrium theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), this study reviews 52 core publications retrieved from the Web of Science database, proposes a “perception-intention-behaviour-feedback” closed-loop model of travel behaviour resilience (TBR). We define TBR as a behavioural-system co-adaptation process in which attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control shape travellers’ adaptive intentions and subsequent behavioural responses, while supply-side adjustments feed back into these perceptions. Through repeated cycles of adjustment, a transitional “new normal” emerges that reflects the interaction between traveller behavioural adjustment and sustained supply-side responses. The proposed framework offers a complementary analytical perspective for understanding resilience at the individual behaviour level, providing theoretical underpinnings for designing adaptive transport governance strategies.