热重分析
煅烧
催化作用
氢氧化钙
傅里叶变换红外光谱
X射线光电子能谱
酯交换
浸出(土壤学)
生物柴油生产
化学工程
材料科学
生物柴油
氢氧化物
核化学
化学
有机化学
工程类
环境科学
土壤科学
土壤水分
作者
Anna Maria Aloia,Margherita Izzi,Antonino Rizzuti,Michele Casiello,Piero Mastrorilli,Nicola Cioffi,Angelo Nacci,Rosaria Anna Picca,Antonio Monopoli
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.mcat.2024.114128
摘要
In this work, a novel supported catalyst was prepared starting from calcium chloride and chitosan flakes using a very mild approach in an aqueous medium without final calcination at high temperatures. The as-prepared catalyst was fully characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopies, transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM, SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), demonstrating that it consists of calcium hydroxide particles of about 200 nm supported on chitosan micrometric structures. The most crucial parameters in the transesterification process were investigated. A methanol/oil ratio of 6:1, a reaction time of 6 h, and a temperature of 60 °C were found to lead to complete conversion. A reaction on a gram scale using waste oil as a starting material was also tested, and excellent results were achieved. Moreover, the catalyst proved to be very robust, since even after the 10th recycle, the conversion rate remained at around 90 %. Spectroscopic analyses showed minimal leaching of material without modification of chemical composition. The kinetic behavior (activation energy, Ea) of the catalyst was also studied, which resulted in similar outcomes to Ca-based systems present in the literature, but without the need for costly preparations and with superior recycling resistance. An Ea value of 63.25 kJ·mol−1 was found, which agrees with data reported in the literature.
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