Syphilitic Spinal Disease: An Old Nemesis Revisited. A Case Series and Review of Literature

ABSTRACT: Syphilitic spinal disease is a rare condition caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, either from direct spirochete involvement of the cord or as a consequence of indirect spirochete involvement of the meninges, blood vessels, or the vertebral column. After the introduction of penicillin therapy in the 1940s, it has become an increasingly rare condition. We report 3 challenging cases of syphilitic spinal disease presenting as myelopathy-1 with an extra-axial gumma of tertiary syphilis causing cord compression and 2 with tabes dorsalis complicated by tabetic spinal neuroarthropathy-each presenting a diagnostic dilemma to their treating physicians. We also review the literature for updates on modern investigative modalities and discuss pitfalls physicians need to avoid to arrive at the diagnosis.