Long-Term Impact of Grandchild Caregiving Trajectories on Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese People: A Longitudinal Study

There has been little research investigating the effects of caregiving for grandchildren on grandparents' mental health from a dynamic perspective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on caregivers' depression of changes in grandparenting intensity. The study population included 8,157 respondents obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Latent growth mixture modeling was used to group respondents into five classes of trajectory of caregiving intensity as follows: "sharply decreasing", "never or rarely", "slowly decreasing", "increasing", and "continuously high". A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) and a marginal structural model (MSM) both associated the "continuously high" and "sharply decreasing" intensities with depression. "Continuously high" intensity significantly increased the risk of depression in the male group only. Further research should be conducted to analyze the deep-seated mechanisms of association between grandparenting and mental health, in different cultural contexts and among subgroups with different characteristics.