Co-encapsulation systems for delivery of bioactive ingredients

To improve the solubility, stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, a series of delivery systems have been designed and developed in recent years. However, most delivery systems are limited to loading a single nutrient. Co-delivery systems that encapsulate two or more nutrients have great sense to enhance the nutritional values and health benefits of food products. In this paper, the recent advancements of co-encapsulation systems including emulsions, nanoparticles, microcapsules, liposomes, hydrogels, and related products have been reviewed. The co-encapsulation mechanisms of bioactive ingredients in various delivery systems were illustrated. Furthermore, the release, digestion and absorption mechanisms of bioactive ingredients in the human digestive system were also discussed. Co-encapsulation systems have the ability to mask astringency of different bioactive ingredients and enhance their stability and bioavailability, as well as to maximize the biological function of bioactive ingredients with synergistic effect. The present review provides examples for the application of co-encapsulation systems in food industries.