Microfluidic systems with amperometric and voltammetric detection and paper-based sensors and biosensors

Microfabrication of sensors and biosensors is one of the most popular research topics that have attracted widespread attention from researchers in recent years. Microfluidics allows reducing the size of devices and integrating multiple analytical sensing. Among all the analytical techniques coupled with microfluidics, integrating the electrochemical detection system and microfluidic technology is the simplest, and an attractive choice for the construction of miniaturized components in a single platform. Paper is known as an inexpensive, ubiquitous, and user-friendly substrate for the construction of microfluidic devices. Therefore, combining paper-based microfluidics with electrochemical techniques opens a new possibility to miniaturized sensors and biosensors with the advantages of low fabrication cost, ease of fabrication, rapid analysis, and disposable. This chapter provides an overview of the basics of paper-based microfluidics and its recent advances in the design of miniaturized electrochemical sensors for biosensing applications. First, we will give a brief introduction to recently developed paper-based microfluidics fabrication techniques. Second, we will focus on recent trends and the application of incorporating paper-based microfluidic devices with efficient electrochemical methods such as amperometric and voltammetric detection. After all, the main limitations of coupling microfluidics and electrochemical techniques are summarized, and an outlook on the current technology status and prospects is given.