Toward Energy Sustainability—Domestic Power Station, Tariff Acquiescent EMS, and Procedure to Rejuvenate Petrol Scooter Into Electric Scooter for Accelerated Participation of Rural Consumers in Energy Demand Management

The future domestic power stations (DPSs) will not remain as what it is today. Today, rural houses have power supply connection provided by government/private agencies, and reliability is abetted by the battery-backed inverters. Domestic consumers started thinking of a micro-level power generation to confront the incessantly rising electricity bill through a grid export [during their excess generation and grid's peak hours (PHs)] and a local storage [during grid's off-peak hours (OPHs)]. Furthermore, the persuaded merits of the dc lighting system over the conventional ac lighting system exhort the availability of dc power in addition to ac power in the DPS. The objectives of this article are threefold. The first one is the development of a future photovoltaic (PV) power generation involving DPS consisting of an inventive multiport converter (MPC), which supports the grid integration and also accommodates hybrid (ac and dc) loads. The second objective is the development of a novel tariff acquiescent energy management system (TAEMS) to ensure an optimal electricity bill. Thus, the suggested DPS can support almost all essential needs of a domestic consumer in terms of lighting, cooking, air circulation, and charging electronic gadgets, except gasoline vehicles. The recent scrappage policy suggested by the Indian government to phase out old vehicles, rising fossil fuel price, and stringent emission standards results in the underutilization of vehicles, particularly two-wheelers of personal usage. The owners are reluctant to phase out their two-wheelers at a scrap rate after a minimal usage. In the majority of the cases, the mechanical strength and the appearance of vehicles seem to be good. The third objective is effectively rejuvenating the registration expired petrol scooter into an electric scooter to extend the vehicle life at a minimal cost. As a whole, the suggested DPS, the EMS, and the electric scooter rejuvenation procedure serve the domestic consumer with required days of power autonomy, accelerate more participation of rural roof-top solar (RTS) costumers, and also move the Earth toward energy sustainability. The entire system is contemplated theoretically, simulated in MATLAB software, and corroborated using a proof-of-concept (PoC) prototype supported by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) processor.