Objective To study the value of early diagnosis and comparison in the Mycoplasma pneumoniae purpose of rapid culture and anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody detection in children and adults infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Methods Mycoplasma pneumoniae rapid culture, SERODIA-MYCOⅡagglutination test were on respiratory medicine, pediatrics suspected Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in patients with newly diagnosed at the same time Mycoplasma pneumoniae culture and anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody detection.Results 358 cases of acute lower respiratory infections in patients with throat swab Mycoplasma pneumoniae culture positive 49 cases,SERODIA-MYCOⅡagglutination test for the detection of anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae-positive in 53 cases,two Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections were detected positive rate There was no significant difference (P0.05). Pediatric Medical Group and the Group of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection rate was no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Mycoplasma pneumonia and rapid culture SERODIA-MYCOⅡagglutination test for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections early diagnosis is of important reference value, Mycoplasma pneumonia in adults with lower respiratory tract infection should arouse a high degree of attention.