The road to licensure of a DNA vaccine.

The licensure of three DNA vaccines for animal health applications has provided renewed interest in the broader potential of this technology. At the very least, this will spur efforts to understand the reasons behind these successes and whether this information can be used to enable DNA vaccines for humans. This review maps the pathway to the licensure of the DNA vaccine against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in fish, and discusses the implications of this on the development of human DNA vaccines.