Progress in Risk Assessment of Human Phthalate Ester Exposure

Phthalate esters(PAEs) are endocrine disrupting chemicals having reproductive toxicity. In this paper, the exposure sources of PAEs and the human exposure levels are reviewed. Approaches to assess human PAE exposure and risk assessment modes in recent years are described. Cumulative risk assessment based on bio-monitoring can completely reflect the cumulative adverse effect of several PAEs on human health, which will become a hot topic in the future.