Association between weekend catch-up sleep and stroke among US adults: A cross-sectional analysis of NHANES

This study aimed to investigate the association between weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) and stroke among US adults. Data from the 2017 to 2020 and 2021 to 2023 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed, including 11,134 participants aged ≥20 years. Sleep duration and stroke status were obtained from self-reported questionnaires. WCS was calculated as the difference between weekend and weekday sleep duration. Participants were categorized into 4 groups: ≤0 hours, 0 to <2 hours, 2 to <3 hours, and ≥3 hours. Multivariable logistic regression models, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, and restricted cubic spline analyses were performed to evaluate the association between WCS and stroke. In the fully adjusted model, participants with WCS > 0 hours had a lower likelihood of stroke compared with those with WCS ≤ 0 hours (adjusted odds ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.62-0.97, P = .0268). Among the categorized groups, only WCS of 2 to <3 hours was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of stroke (odds ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.39-0.94, P = .0251). Subgroup analyses showed that this association remained significant among women, individuals aged 36-64 years, and those with a history of alcohol consumption. A significant interaction was observed for age (P for interaction = .0385). WCS was associated with a lower likelihood of stroke among US adults, particularly when WCS duration was between 2 and 3 hours.