Catheter-based Foetal Cardiac Interventions (FCI) – Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Fetal cardiac interventions (FCI) represent a groundbreaking advancement in maternal-fetal medicine, offering therapeutic strategies to address congenital heart defects (CHDs) in utero. SUMMARY: The indications, techniques, complications, and outcomes of the three most reported foetal cardiac interventions, namely foetal aortic valvuloplasty, foetal pulmonary valvuloplasty, and foetal atrial septal intervention, were systematically reviewed based on the published literature. The challenges and future directions of this field was also highlighted. KEY MESSAGES: Foetal cardiac interventions open the therapeutic opportunity of several severe congenital heart diseases. However, the selection of cases for best outcome is yet to be refined due to lack of randomized controlled trial.